There were seven sub camps, including Gamba, Cremona and Torbole. Until it closed in August 1944, nearly 17000 POWs were housed here for some time. For further information on war crimes see related research guides. Oflag II-D was a World War II German prisoner-of-war camp located at Gross Born, Pomerania (now Borne Sulinowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland). Punishment of prisoners was severe, particularly after July 1944 when the SS took over jurisdiction of camp security (although did not place guards generally) US prisoners who did not follow regulations or tried to escape were sentenced to as much as a month in a special solitary confinement building, Soviet POWs fared far worse however, and were generally killed either immediately or worked to death at the nearby Mauthausen KZ. There were also detailed conditions under which they should work, be housed and paid. At the instigation of the U.S. and Swiss governments, the International Committee of the Red Cross put pressure on the German government not to keep civilian non-combatants in a POW camp. While the guards were engaged in breaking up the fight, toward which the searchlights were all directed, three officers managed to cut through the barbed wire and escape from the camp. 47,533 POWs here with 1,627 Officers (162 British). In late 1944/early 1945 the camp population grew enormously with the arrival of prisoners evacuated from camps in the east in front of the advance of the Red Army. Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. The first group of French prisoners of war were brought to Choszczna just after the fall of France in June 1940, The senior officer being Colonel Gonnard. Red Cross inspection reports identified Oflag IV-C as a problem camp with inadequate sanitary and harsh confinement measures. All books are based on sound research and his readers will welcome his latest effort PRISONERS OF THE CASTLE: AN EPIC STORY OF SURVIVAL AND ESCAPE FROM COLDITZ, THE NAZIS FORTRESS PRISON. We have German AND Italiancamp listings in our fully searchable databases! During World War II these latter provisions were consistently breached, in particular for Soviet, Polish, and Yugoslav prisoners. Marlag und Milag Nord, the camps for captured Navy personnel and civilian sailors respectively, were originally in two separate enclosures at the Sandbostel camp. It was located in a former Benedictine Abbey dedicated to Saint Hedwig of Silesia, that had been a military school between 1840 and 1920, and used by the Nazis as a "National Political Educational Institution" from 1934. In May 1940 the first British and Commonwealth officers captured in the battle of France arrived. In May 1940 as the building work progressed small groups of Polish officers were transferred in from other POW camps. After two to three days, the column reached Stettin. By February 1944 most of the officers had been transferred to other Oflags. Alec Guinness, There was an outbreak of typhus in early 1942. District VIII Nearest city Koblenz, In the middle west area of Germany. The bulk of the correspondence that has been preserved (and not all of it has been) is in FO 371. Stalag III-B Frstenberg/Oder/Brandenburg. One ounce of salt and pepper (mustard, onion powder and other condiments were also sometimes enclosed). It is estimated that altogether 650,000 people passed through this camp and its' sub-camps. These are less 'sanitised' than the latter and sometimes include additional documents, annotations to the narrative, interrogators notes and Appendix B (see below). Their repeated, elaborate, and sometimes bizarre attempts at escape are a nice change from the stories of Grunts on the front lines. The first escaper from the camp was Flight Lieutenant Howard Wardle in August 1940, but he was recaptured and sent to Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle. The prisoners were given the remaining Red Cross parcels; you could carry as much as you could. Their disappearance went unnoticed the next day, so the next night another group escaped, a total of 132 men altogether. 25052 (7792 British) with 1310 officers, work detailed to coal mines locally. The location listed for this hospital in the SHAEF report of February 1945: 53 degrees 45 minutes north, 14 degrees 2 minutes east. 49 British POWs held at the local Railway Station of Elstorwerda- Biela. Many others were billeted in Arbeitskommando working in factories, repairing railways or on farms. German camps were arranged by district and then often had many sub-camps, these could be a small barracks attached to a factory or even just a barn on a farm, these could be up to 100 miles from the main camp, this combined with the fact that camps were sometimes moved or renamed means that researchers should take great care in identifying camps by both designation number and location to ensure they locate the correct camp. Less than eight months later Oflag IV-C was captured by American soldiers from 1st US Army. The North Compound fell in with the West Compound at Spremberg and on 2 February entrained for Stalag 13D at Nurnberg, which they reached after a two day trip. Fascism's European Empire - Davide Rodogno [see here]. | Stars: John Mills, Located close to Coltano, later part of a US camp until 1955. | The most comprehensive nominal listings of British and Commonwealth POWs are those in WO 392/1-26. The prisoners were transferred to other camps, though a small number stayed behind to carry out construction work as the site was adapted for the use of GEMA (Gesellschaft fr und mechanische elektroakustische apparate) in developing radar systems The sub-camp was closed in June 1943. The first evacuation occurred on 29 January, 1945 in blizzard conditions. The prisoners' dramatic and ingenious escapes have been the subject of over 40 books, two films, board games, video games and a popular TV series. | The War Office Registered Files (WO 32 (code 91)) and the Directorate of Military Operations Collation Files (WO 193/343-359) both contain material on Allied POWs. A large number of the inmates made their way to the Swiss frontier and were interned when the Italian guards abandoned their posts after the armistice in 1943. Stars: Every so many yards along the fence was a guard tower, fully armed and manned. Adventure, Drama, War. Edward Underdown, Not Rated Some British and Italian prisoners were also there. About 5% of the Soviet prisoners who died . Relocated to Biberach, housed mainly French and Serbo-Croat officers. The first Soviet prisoners arrived in October 1941, and were housed in a separate enclosure. The main camp was located in a complex of fifteen forts that surrounded the whole of the city. As most of the prisoners have sadly all passed now I wondered who if anybody was still running a Colditz association? PG60 was then closed. Stalag X-B was a World War II German Prisoner-of-war camp located near Sandbostel in north-western Germany. Originally a Hitler Youth camp, in October 1939 it was modified to house about 15,000 Polish prisoners from the German September 1939 offensive. They were flown back to Paris on May 12, many of them free for the first time in five years. Only operated for 3 months from August until November 1942. The Camp was used for Austrian POWs in 1915 until 1918 and reopened as a POW camp in WWII in February 1941. In 1941 more officer prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign mostly British, Yugoslavian, Serbs and Greeks. P.G. The main camps were all designated PG prigionieri di Guerra, although they were also abbreviated 'CC' meaning Campo diconcentramento. It took them over eight hours to escape from the grounds. | April 1943: Part of the camp was turned into a hospital for POWs. Stalag VIII-B and Stalag Luft VIII-B Lamsdorf, Poland (now Lambinowice), Stalag VIII-B Teschen Poland Location N/E 49-18. Located just north of the town of Sudauen, East Prussia (now Suwalki, Poland). Noted as having 2 shed like buildings at 53 degrees 26 minutes North, 11 degrees 52 minutes south map reference T74045C, Parchim had a POW camp during WWI located in this vicinity also. ' But the numbers fall far short of conveying the sheer drama in the German camps. By Christmas 1940 there were 60 Polish officers, 12 Belgians, 50 French, and 30 British, a total of no more than 200 with their orderlies. Nominal rolls for some Japanese camps are among papers prepared for a history of the RAF services in AIR 49/383-388, but they are generally disappointing. Ben Macintyre has done it again. Colditz was meant to be completely safe, impregnable and impossible to escape from. Stalag XIII-C Hammelburg Om Main Bavaria Location N/E 50-10. Required fields are marked *. Located at Cividale del Friuli, 75 miles north east of Venice. These were followed by Soviet prisoners from Operation Barbarossa in the summer of 1941. Some of the Dutch prisoners escaped when en route to Neubrandenburg camp via train by jumping from the boxcars and managed to get home. In 1944, as forced labour by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. The lower ranks prisoners at this camp fared much better than those in many other camps further south. District IX Nearest City Altona, near Hamburg in the middle North of Germany. They give details of name, rank and service/army number as well as regiment/corps, prisoner of war number and, presumably, the camp location when the register was made. On the 11th May 1942 52 POWs escaped from Kirchain via a tunnel, all were later recaptured. A very well researched and invaluable insight into the escape and the nature of the men who carried it out. Great book! Colditz Castle 1943. Oflag XVII-A, was located between the villages Edelsbach and Dllersheim, in the district of Zwettl in the Waldviertel region of north-eastern Austria. There was also a further 'camp' adjacent called 'Belaria' which was opened in 1944 and used to house those suspected of attempting or aiding escape(rs). Each nationality tended to stick to themselves and there was little national intermingling. Those prisoners are extremely interesting. The database will include British and Commonwealth forces only and is cross-referenced for the most part with records for German camps which were made later in the war for those unfortunate enough to be recaptured after the Italian armistice. Maia Liddell Two visits by the Red Cross were made and the following comments were made: "Tented Camp in two sections with no Heating or lighting. There was a hospital for Italian military internees in the Oerbke camp, but its patients were transferred to a separate section of the Bergen-Belsen POW hospital in late July 1944. Three men were killed, and 14 seriously wounded. When the Wehrmacht invaded the Netherlands they were short on material for uniforms, so they confiscated anything available. Sessue Hayakawa, Votes: This time the sentry demanded to see their Army paybooks, so the escape party fled, although two were arrested. Documentary. District VI Nearest city Wroclaw, Poland (German name: Breslau). The trip took two days and two nights. It served as the hospital for all Soviet POWs in the region until January 1945. Home organisations and families could also send parcels either directly or by organisations set up to aid POWS via the Red Cross containing all manner of items from sports and games to books and some clothing. These included those who had escaped from other camps, as well asthose who could be used as possible bargaining chips (minor members of the Royal Family, Churchill's nephew and others). After the war Fort Rauch was completely demolished and a college now stands on the site. Consequently the Germans were able to capture them all. Other ranks lived 18 to a tent (made of Italian groundsheets), slept on duck-boards with straw mattresses and two Italian blankets each, and had regular though not always sufficient rations. The POWs left in the camp were liberated by the Soviet army on 8 May 1945, however this liberation like many other camps meant they were simply robbed of anything valuable by their allies and locked back up until the Soviets allowed them to return home later. The sounds of the encroaching American artillery could be heard getting louder and louder at this camp. By the end of July 1941, there were more than 500 officers: over 250 French, 150 Polish, 50 British and Commonwealth, 2 Yugoslavian. The main centre used during the war was at Oberursel near Frankfurt. 4,000 lower-ranked British, South African and Ghurka prisoners, mostly from the surrender of Tobruk, were held in two compounds of tents, with very poor conditions and food shortages. Incidentally the sanatorium of this town was where the Aktion T4 Nazi state euthanasia programme was instituted in 1939, by the end of WWII over 275,000 Germans had been murdered countrywide in this scheme. The march lasted until February 25th and ended up in the town of Waren where they were liberated by the Soviet Army soon after. It was located around the village of Westertimke, about 30 km (19 mi) north-east of Bremen, though in some sources the camp's location is given as Tarmstedt, a larger village about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west. Stalag 20A was enlarged in the second half of 1941, from Torun-Podgorza in the direction of Glinki. Jumps over wall of exercise area of Colditz town jail. Stalag XIII-D Nuremburg (Oflag 73) Bavaria Location N/E 49-11. 98 Castelvetrano (Palermo, Sicily) San Giuseppe Iato (Sicily). Population was approximately 254 at the start of the early winter that year, with 71 other ranks (orderlies etc).
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