He also became a P-51 Mustang pilot in the Oklahoma Air National Guard. [4] he also joined the Oklahoma Air National Guard, becoming an F-51 Mustang pilot. Comedian Kevin Fredericks won the Outstanding Social Media Personality award on Friday. Obituary from the. Additional support provided by the Arkansas General Assembly. awards the Air Force Cross to Brigadier General Robinson Risner for extraordinary heroism in military operations against an opposing armed force while a Prisoner of War in North Vietnam from 31 October 1965 to 15 . He was extensively tortured for information but successfully resisted their demands and established a standard of honorable conduct and resistance which was followed by hundreds of Americans after him. In August 1964, Lieutenant Colonel Risner took command of the 67th Tactical Fighter Squadron, an F-105D Thunderchief fighter-bomber unit based at Kadena AB, Okinawa, as part of the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing. Once Risner determined that he was the senior ranking officer, he began to put structure and guidance into the POWs lives, a sense of order and community, the very thing their captors were trying desperately to prevent. However, after two weeks he was moved to Cu Loc Prison, known as "The Zoo", where he was confronted during interrogations with his Time magazine cover and told that his capture had been highly coveted by the North Vietnamese. As soon as he was eligible, he enlisted in the Army Air Forces, having been accepted as an aviation cadet. 16 of those carried AGM-12 Bullpup missiles, while another 30 carried eight 750-pound bombs each, half of which were designated for the railroad and highway bridge. He wrestled for Tulsa Central High School, where he graduated in 1942. Heavy ground fire struck Risner's F-105 in its air intakes when he popped up over a hill to make his attack. ", Commander Everett Alvarez Jr. 1st U.S. pilot held as a Prisoner of War in Southeast Asia[30], After several days of travel on foot and by truck, Risner was imprisoned in Ha L Prison, known as "The Hanoi Hilton" to American POWs. With (Captain James) Stockdale we had wisdom. He was the fifth of seven children. The object of the maneuver was to push Logan's aircraft to the island of Cho Do off the North Korean coast, where the Air Force maintained a helicopter rescue detachment. Risner was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on January 23, 2014, with fellow former POWs and current members of the 336th Fighter Squadron among those in attendance. Even so, as the officer of rank with the responsibility of maintaining order, from 1965 to 1973 he helped lead American resistance in the North Vietnamese prison complex through the use of improvised messaging techniques ("tap code"), endearing himself to fellow prisoners with his faith and optimism. On Feb. 12, 1973, he was among the first group of prisoners to be released from North Vietnam. Risner exercised as much as he could and prayed by the hour, he wrote in his 1973 memoir, The Passing of the Night: Seven Years as a Prisoner of the North Vietnamese. In the book he wrote, I did not ask God to take me out of it, I prayed He would give me the strength to endure it.. [n 1] During their defense of the bombers, Risner's flight overflew the MiG base at Antung Airfield, China. Martin, Douglas. "[2], Risner was born in Mammoth Spring, Arkansas, in 1925,[3] but moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1931. [3], Risner had a religious upbringing as a member of the 1st Assembly of God Church. This project is funded in part by a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Sustaining the Humanities through the American Rescue Plan grant award. James Robinson "Robbie" Risner (January 16, 1925 October 22, 2013) was a Brigadier General, fighter pilot in the United States Air Force, and a senior leader among U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. Subsequently, he served as commander of the 34th Fighter-Day Squadron, also at George Air Force Base. On these dates Colonel Risner led two successive operations against vitally important and heavily defended targets. Related Entries. In an effort to help him reach Kimpo, Risner attempted to push Logan's aircraft by having him shut down his engine and inserting the nose of his own jet into the tailpipe of Logan's, an unprecedented and untried maneuver. U.S. Air Force pilot James Robinson Risner, a 2015 inductee into the Arkansas Aviation Hall of Fame. When he and two other organizers were hauled away for being behind his comrades singing The Star Spangled Banner and God Bless America, Risner said, I felt like I was nine feet tall and could go bear hunting with a switch.. In July 1973 USAF assigned him to the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, where he became combat ready in the F-4 Phantom II. Portrait of General James Robinson Risner. Employed at low altitudes, the "hunters" located the missiles and attacked their radar control vans with canisters of napalm, both to knock out the SAM's missile guidance and to mark the target for the "killers", which followed up the initial attack using 750-pound bombs to destroy the site. Some prisoners reconstructed an abbreviated version of the Bible from memory. [32] He was a POW for seven years, four months, and 27 days. Your email address will not be published. He would participate in reunions of airmen, and at one in the 1990s he met a Russian MiG pilot who had served in Korea. [4] Risner worked numerous part-time jobs in his youth to help the family, including newspaper delivery, errand boy and soda jerk for a drug store,[3] for the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce at age 16, as a welder, and for his father polishing cars. Other articles related to "legacy ": X86 . [18][n 4] On February 18, 1965, as part of an escalation in air attacks directed by President Lyndon B. Johnson that resulted in the commencement of Operation Rolling Thunder, the 67th TFS began a tour of temporary duty at Korat RTAFB, Thailand, under the control of the 2d Air Division. (Thompson and McLaren, p. 67). Gen. James Robinson "Robbie" Risner was part of that legendary group who served in three wars, built an Air Force, and gave us an enduring example of courage and mission success Today's Airmen know we stand on the shoulders of giants. Joe, a strong swimmer, landed close to shore, and the chopper tried to blow him in with the rotors. Subsequently, he served as commander of the 34th Fighter-Day Squadron, also at George Air Force Base. [3] In addition to a love of sports, Risner's interests were primarily in riding horses and motorcycles.[1]. In his book, Risner attributes faith in God and prayer as being instrumental to his surviving the Hanoi prison experience. When he passed the tough entrance exam for pilot training by one point, his future aloft was set. Risner noted to a biographer that his tour under these conditions amounted to as much flying as he desired but a distinct lack of discipline on the ground. "[47], Perot helped Risner to later become the Executive Director of the Texans' War on Drugs, and Risner was subsequently appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a United States Delegate to the fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly. The Risner Award is a six and one-half foot trophy consisting of a sculpture of Risner in flight suit and helmet on a marble base, weighing approximately four tons. Colonel Risner initiated the attack, directing his aircraft into the target in the face of heavy automatic ground fire. In a brief dogfight Risner shot down one to score his first "kill", on August 5, 1952. [26] Again he attempted to fly to the Gulf of Tonkin, but ejected when the aircraft, on fire, pitched up out of control. One Year After Saigon's Fall, Eight Ex-P.O.W.s Try to Cope with a Changing U.S. Obituary For: Brigadier General Robinson Risner, "USAF Weapons School Robbie Risner Award", "Nomination of United States Representatives and Alternate Representatives to the 40th Session of the United Nations General Assembly", Celebrated pilot and Vietnam POW dies at 88. Even so, as the officer of rank with the responsibility of maintaining order, from 1965 to 1973 he helped lead American resistance in the North Vietnamese prison complex through the use of improvised messaging techniques ("tap code"), endearing himself to fellow prisoners with his faith and optimism. Rate and review titles you borrow and share your opinions on them. In an effort to help him reach Kimpo, Risner attempted to push Logan's aircraft by having him shut down his engine and inserting the nose of his own jet into the tailpipe of Logan's, an unprecedented and untried maneuver. His father was originally a sharecropper, then during the Great Depression became a day laborer for the Works Progress Administration. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. [4], In addition to a love of sports, Risner's interests were primarily in riding horses and motorcycles.[3]. [10][13], On September 21, he shot down his fifth MiG, becoming the 20th jet ace. [32] Risner made no rebuttal at the time, but when interviewed 20 years later, termed it "character assassination", a charge supported by several of McCarthy's liberal peers. Then, in the most unlikely circumstances, came true greatness. He was a close friend of the billionaire businessman and onetime presidential candidate H. Ross Perot, who commissioned a statue of Robinson Risner, which was installed at the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, on November 16, 2001. "We were lucky to have Risner. For more information, contact 501-918-3025 orcalsfoundation@cals.org. Youve just been tortured, and thats not the end of it; resist to the limits of your sanity, or to permanent physical damage. 2023 Encyclopedia of Arkansas. He received the Air Force Cross for his actions with the Sixty-Seventh Tactical Fighter Squadron on April 34, 1965, and was awarded an Oak Leaf Cluster to his Korean War Silver Star for operations against the North Vietnamese between September 9 and 12, 1965. [6], On September 15, using the call sign "John Red Lead",[8] Risner's flight escorted F-84 Thunderjet fighter-bombers attacking a chemical plant on the Yalu River near the East China Sea. Copyright 2003-2021. Ferrying a two-seat F-100F Super Sabre nicknamed Spirit of St. Louis II to Europe on the same route as Lindbergh, he set a transatlantic speed record, covering the distance in 6 hours and 37 minutes. Performing in the role of air coordinator, Colonel Risner arrived over the target area before the main strike force, evaluated the effectiveness of each strike, redirected subsequent strikes, and provided flak suppression against defenses that would hinder delivery aircraft in the performance of their mission. Risner spent more than three years in solitary confinement. The extremely harsh treatment inflicted upon him was to become a way of life for him in the subsequent years. Robert V. "Boris" Baird was shot down on the opening pass and the mission was in danger of collapsing when Risner took charge. Robinson deliberately concealed the injury, which would have grounded him, until able to convince a flight surgeon that the injury had healed. He was previously married to Dorothy Miller Williams and Kathleen Shaw. Near Cho Do, Lt. Logan bailed out, after radioing to Risner, "I'll see you at the base tonight." He wrestled for Tulsa Central High School, where he graduated in 1942. On 1 August 1975, he became Vice Commander of the USAF Tactical Fighter Weapons Center at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada and retired from the Air Force on 1 August 1976. As a lieutenant colonel, Risner was the highest-ranking prisoner at Hoa Lo for most of the nearly eight years he was there and was subjected to particularly brutal treatment, being held in a darkened, solitary cell for three years and shackled for weeks at a time. On August 12, 1965, U.S. Air Force and Navy air units received authorization to attack surface-to-air missile sites supplied to the North Vietnamese by the Soviet Union. It was according to him, the most gratifying period of his life. Risner's determination to be assigned to a combat unit was nearly ended when on his last day before going overseas he broke his hand and wrist falling from a horse. He next served on the joint staff of Commander-in-Chief, Pacific (CINCPAC) in Hawaii. Howes, Craig. Risner in 1973 after being released as a POW by the North Vietnamese. [15] On February 18, 1965, as part of an escalation in air attacks directed by President Lyndon B. Johnson that resulted in the commencement of Operation Rolling Thunder, the 67th TFS began a tour of temporary at Korat RTAFB, Thailand, under the control of the 2nd Air Division. Major support provided through a partnership with the Arkansas Department of Parks & Tourism. He had been beaten up and starved, thrown for months into a dark cell crawling with rats, held immobile with his legs pinned in stocks, and strapped with ropes so tightly that his right arm was torn from its socket. . James Robinson "Robbie" Risner (born January 16, 1925) was a general officer and professional fighter pilot in the United States Air Force. Can you list the top facts and stats about Robbie Risner? [3] Risner worked numerous part-time jobs in his youth to help the family, including newspaper delivery, errand boy and soda jerk for a drug store,[1] for the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce at age 16, as a welder, and for his father polishing cars. He was captured by North Vietnamese while still trying to extricate himself from his parachute. Risner received two Silver Stars for his heroics and was one of only four airmen in history to receive more than one Air Force Cross, second only to the Medal of Honor for wartime heroism. On October 19, 2012, ground was broken at the Air Force Academy for its new Center for Character and Leadership Development. At his death, Air Force Chief of Staff General Mark A. Welsh III observed: "Brig. Jet fuel and hydraulic fluid spewed out from the wounded Sabre. During the Vietnam War, Risner was a double recipient of the Air Force Cross, the second highest military decoration for valor that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force, awarded the first for valor in aerial combat and the second for gallantry as a prisoner of war of the North Vietnamese for more than seven years. Additional support provided by the Charles M. and Joan R. Taylor Foundation Inc. After his military career, Risner lived for many years in Texas, where he was executive director of an anti-drug program. "[37], Perot helped Risner later become the Executive Director of the Texans' War on Drugs, and Risner was consequently appointed by President Ronald Reagan as a United States Delegate to the fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly. An identical casting, measuring four feet and weighing 300 pounds, was installed in the foyer of the USAF Weapons School at Nellis Air Force Base in October 1984. [16], In July 1956, he was transferred to George Air Force Base, California as operations officer of the 413th Fighter Wing. In a brief dogfight, Risner shot down one to score his first aerial victory. [42][43] After retirement he lived in Austin, Texas, where he worked with the D.A.R.E. He worked a series of jobs during his school years, contributing his earnings to the family funds. [28][31], Risner spent more than three years in solitary confinement. Encyclopedia of Arkansas On the initial attack, while exposing himself to heavy ground fire, with complete disregard for his personal safety, Colonel Risner's aircraft sustained a direct hit in the left forward bomb-bay area, filling the cockpit with smoke and fumes. [17], From August 1960 to July 1961, he attended the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. View military histories of over 2 million, If you are a veteran, reconnect with people. Shot down again on September 16, 1965, he was captured and held as a. Risner, Robinson. Other special honorees included Serena Williams, who was honored with the Jackie Robinson Sports Award. In Vietnam, Risner was struck by enemy fire on four out of five consecutive missions, and he was shot down over the Gulf of Tonkin in March 1965. He was captured by North Vietnamese while still trying to extricate himself from his parachute. James Robinson "Robbie" Risner was born in 1925 in Arkansas, to a sharecropping family struggling to make ends meet. Perhaps his greatest act of rebellion was the organization of a forbidden church service in 1971. He also had his right arm ripped from its socket. Performing in the role of air coordinator, Colonel Risner arrived over the target area before the main strike force, evaluated the effectiveness of each strike, redirected subsequent strikes, and provided flak suppression against defenses that would hinder delivery aircraft in the performance of their mission. He received an unofficial rebuke from the American embassy for flying an armed fighter into the sovereign territory of a foreign nation, but for diplomatic reasons, the flight was officially ignored.[6]. He kept me. On August 5, 1952, A flight of four F-86 Sabres launched and encountered 14 MiG-15s. Risner encouraged resistance among his fellow American captives, urging them to withstand their jailers torture but not to the point of suffering permanent physical or mental disability. The 2023 NAACP Image Awards also honored Gabrielle Union and Dwyane Wade, recipients of the President's Award. The trophy is permanently displayed at the United States Air Force Academy, with each winner's name inscribed. He directed his aircraft over the Gulf of Tonkin, ejected, and was rescued. Always it would make sense, be crisp and to the point. However, he refused to be diverted from his primary mission of completing the destruction of the assigned targets. Amid heavy flak from antiaircraft fire, Risner maneuvered his jet behind Logans and, at a speed of more than 200 mph, placed the nose of his plane in the tailpipe of the damaged plane. In his words he describes how he survived a torture session in July 1967, handcuffed and in stocks after destroying two pictures of his family to prevent them from being used as propaganda by an East German film crew: To make it, I prayed by the hour. [25] While held prisoner in Hoa Loa, Risner served first as Senior Ranking Officer and later as Vice Commander of the provisional 4th Allied Prisoner of War Wing. Major funding provided by the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation. Risner is a double recipient of the Air Force Cross, the second highest military decoration for valor that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force. The day after his arrival he returned to Korea when he learned that MiGs were operational. Morrocco, John, and Manning, Robert (1984). [38] Risner made no rebuttal at the time, but when interviewed by Frances Kiernan decades later, Risner described the review as "character assassination", a criticism of McCarthy's treatment supported by several of her liberal peers including Kiernan. He was forced to eject when the aircraft, on fire, pitched up out of control. Buried Arlington National Cemetery Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Army Air Forces United States Air Force Years of service 1943-1946 1951-1976 Rank [25] Initial attempts to locate and destroy the SA-2 Guideline sites, known as Iron Hand missions, were both unsuccessful and costly. Unfortunately, the Time magazine article featuring Risner made its way to his captors. Baird, W. David, and Goble, Danney (1994). The award is presented annually to the outstanding graduate of the USAF Weapons School. Tags: 15th Reconnaissance Squadron, 336th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 4th Fighter Wing, Air Force Cross, Arlington National Cemetery, Army Air Forces, Bible College, Brigadier General, Bronze Star Medals., Bugs Bunny, Charles G. Boyd, Code of Conduct for American Fighting Men, Dean Rusk, Distinguished Flying Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, Dorothy Miller Williams, East China Sea, F-105s, F-86E-10 Sabrejet, God Bless America, Gulf of Tonkin, H. Ross Perot, Hanoi, James Robinson Risner, Kimpo Air Base, Korean War, Lyndon Johnson, Mammoth Springs, Medal of Honor, MiG-15s, Oklahoma Air National Guard., Operation Rolling Thunder, P-51 Mustang, Panama Canal, Prisoner of War in North Vietnam, Robert McNamara, Robinson Risner, Silver Stars, Southeast Asia, the Korean War, The Passing of the Night: Seven Years as a Prisoner of the North Vietnamese, The Star-Spangled Banner, Time Magazine, U.S. Air Force Academy, Vinh Son, World War II, Yalu River. 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